Gbigba 2014 gẹgẹbi apẹẹrẹ, awọn tita agbaye ti aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides jẹ US $ 1.217 bilionu, ṣiṣe iṣiro 4.6% ti US $ 26.440 bilionu ọja herbicide agbaye ati 1.9% ti US $ 63.212 bilionu ọja ipakokoropaeku agbaye.Botilẹjẹpe ko dara bi awọn herbicides bii amino acids ati sulfonylureas, o tun ni aaye ninu ọja egboigi (ipo kẹfa ni awọn tita agbaye).
Aryloxy phenoxy propionate (APP) herbicides ti wa ni o kun lo fun iṣakoso ti koriko èpo.A ṣe awari ni awọn ọdun 1960 nigbati Hoechst (Germany) rọpo ẹgbẹ phenyl ni eto 2,4-D pẹlu diphenyl ether ati idagbasoke iran akọkọ ti awọn herbicides aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid."Koríko Ling".Ni ọdun 1971, a pinnu pe ẹya oruka obi ni A ati B. Awọn oogun herbicides ti o tẹle ti iru yii ni a ti yipada da lori rẹ, yiyipada oruka A benzene ni ẹgbẹ kan sinu heterocyclic tabi oruka dapọ, ati ṣafihan awọn ẹgbẹ ti nṣiṣe lọwọ bii F. awọn ọta sinu oruka, Abajade ni kan lẹsẹsẹ ti awọn ọja pẹlu ti o ga aṣayan iṣẹ-ṣiṣe., diẹ ti a yan herbicides.
APP herbicide be
Awọn itan idagbasoke ti propionic acid herbicides
Mechanism ti igbese
Awọn herbicides ti Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid jẹ awọn inhibitors ti nṣiṣe lọwọ ti acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACCase), nitorinaa ṣe idiwọ iṣelọpọ ti awọn acids fatty, ti o yorisi iṣelọpọ ti oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ati awọn fẹlẹfẹlẹ waxy ati awọn ilana gige ti dina, ti o mu abajade iyara pọ si. iparun ti igbekalẹ awo ara ọgbin, agbara ti o pọ si, ati nikẹhin iku ọgbin naa.
Awọn abuda rẹ ti ṣiṣe giga, majele kekere, yiyan giga, ailewu fun awọn irugbin ati ibajẹ irọrun ti ni igbega pupọ si idagbasoke awọn herbicides yiyan.
Ẹya miiran ti awọn herbicides AAP ni pe wọn ṣiṣẹ ni oju-ọna, eyiti o jẹ afihan nipasẹ awọn isomer oriṣiriṣi labẹ ilana kemikali kanna, ati awọn isomers oriṣiriṣi ni awọn iṣẹ herbicidal oriṣiriṣi.Lara wọn, R (-) -isomer le ṣe idiwọ iṣẹ ṣiṣe ti enzymu ibi-afẹde, dena dida auxin ati gibberellin ninu awọn èpo, ati ṣafihan iṣẹ ṣiṣe herbicidal ti o dara, lakoko ti S (+) -isomer jẹ ipilẹ ti ko munadoko.Iyatọ ni ipa laarin awọn meji jẹ awọn akoko 8-12.
Ti owo APP herbicides ti wa ni deede ni ilọsiwaju sinu esters, ṣiṣe wọn siwaju sii awọn iṣọrọ gba nipa èpo;sibẹsibẹ, esters maa ni kere solubility ati ki o ni okun adsorption, ki won wa ni ko rorun lati leach ati ki o ti wa ni diẹ awọn iṣọrọ gba sinu awọn èpo.ninu ile.
Clodinafop-propargyl
Propargyl jẹ herbicide phenoxypropionate ti o ni idagbasoke nipasẹ ciba-Geigy ni 1981. Orukọ iṣowo rẹ jẹ Koko ati orukọ kemikali rẹ jẹ (R) -2- [4- (5-chloro-3-fluoro).-2-Pyridyloxy) propionate propargyl.
Propargyl jẹ fluorine ti o ni ninu, ti nṣiṣe lọwọ optically aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide.O ti wa ni lo fun ranse si-farahan yio ati bunkun itoju lati sakoso gramineous èpo ni alikama, rye, triticale ati awọn miiran arọ oko, paapa fun wheatgrass ati wheatgrass.Ṣiṣe daradara ni iṣakoso awọn èpo ti o nira gẹgẹbi awọn oats igbẹ.Ti a lo fun itọsi-jade lẹhin-jade ati itọju ewe lati ṣakoso awọn koriko koriko lododun, gẹgẹbi awọn oats igbẹ, koriko oat dudu, koriko foxtail, koriko aaye, ati koriko alikama.Iwọn lilo jẹ 30-60 g / hm2.Ọna lilo pato jẹ: lati ipele 2-ewe ti alikama si ipele apapọ, lo ipakokoropaeku si awọn èpo ni ipele ewe 2-8.Ni igba otutu, lo 20-30 giramu ti Maiji (15% clofenacetate wettable powder) fun acre.30-40g ti lalailopinpin (15% clodinafop-propargyl wettable lulú), fi 15-30kg ti omi kun ati fun sokiri ni deede.
Ilana iṣe ati awọn abuda ti clodinafop-propargyl jẹ awọn inhibitors carboxylase acetyl-CoA ati awọn herbicides eleto eto.Oogun naa ti gba nipasẹ awọn ewe ati awọn apofẹlẹfẹlẹ ewe ti ọgbin, ti a ṣe nipasẹ phloem, ati pe o ṣajọpọ ninu meristem ti ọgbin, ni idinamọ acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitor.Coenzyme A carboxylase ṣe idiwọ iṣelọpọ acid fatty, ṣe idiwọ idagbasoke sẹẹli deede ati pipin, ati dabaru awọn ẹya ti o ni ọra gẹgẹbi awọn eto awọ ara, nikẹhin ti o yori si iku ọgbin.Akoko lati clodinafop-propargyl si iku awọn èpo jẹ o lọra diẹ, ni gbogbogbo gba 1 si 3 ọsẹ.
Awọn agbekalẹ akọkọ ti clodinafop-propargyl jẹ 8%, 15%, 20%, ati 30% emulsions olomi, 15% ati 24% microemulsions, 15% ati 20% awọn powders wettable, ati 8% ati 14% awọn idaduro epo ti a tuka.24% ipara.
Akopọ
(R) -2- (p-hydroxyphenoxy) propionic acid ni akọkọ ti a ṣe nipasẹ ifasilẹ ti α-chloropropionic acid ati hydroquinone, ati lẹhinna etherified nipasẹ fifi 5-chloro-2,3-difluoropyridine laisi iyapa.Labẹ awọn ipo kan, o ṣe atunṣe pẹlu chloropropyne lati gba clodinafop-propargyl.Lẹhin crystallization, akoonu ọja de 97% si 98%, ati ikore lapapọ de 85%.
Ipo okeere
Awọn data kọsitọmu fihan pe ni ọdun 2019, orilẹ-ede mi ṣe okeere lapapọ 35.77 milionu AMẸRIKA (awọn iṣiro ti ko pe, pẹlu awọn igbaradi ati awọn oogun imọ-ẹrọ).Lara wọn, orilẹ-ede agbewọle akọkọ ni Kasakisitani, eyiti o gbe wọle ni akọkọ awọn igbaradi, pẹlu iye ti 8.6515 milionu dọla AMẸRIKA, atẹle Russia, pẹlu awọn igbaradi Ibeere fun awọn oogun mejeeji ati awọn ohun elo aise, pẹlu iwọn agbewọle ti US $ 3.6481 milionu.Ibi kẹta ni Fiorino, pẹlu iwọn agbewọle ti US $ 3.582 milionu.Ni afikun, Kanada, India, Israeli, Sudan ati awọn orilẹ-ede miiran tun jẹ awọn ibi okeere akọkọ ti clodinafop-propargyl.
Cyhalofop-butyl
Cyhalofop-ethyl jẹ egboigi kan pato ti iresi ti o dagbasoke ati ti a ṣe nipasẹ Dow AgroSciences ni Amẹrika ni ọdun 1987. O tun jẹ herbicide aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid nikan ti o ni aabo pupọ fun iresi.Ni 1998, Dow AgroSciences ti Amẹrika ni akọkọ lati forukọsilẹ imọ-ẹrọ cyhalofop ni orilẹ-ede mi.Itọsi naa pari ni ọdun 2006, ati awọn iforukọsilẹ ile bẹrẹ ni ọkọọkan.Ni ọdun 2007, ile-iṣẹ ile kan (Shanghai Shengnong Biochemical Products Co., Ltd.) forukọsilẹ fun igba akọkọ.
Orukọ iṣowo Dow jẹ Clincher, ati orukọ kemikali rẹ jẹ (R) -2- [4- (4-cyano-2-fluorophenoxy) phenoxy] butylpropionate.
Ni awọn ọdun aipẹ, Dow AgroSciences 'Qianjin (eroja ti nṣiṣe lọwọ: 10% cyhalomefen EC) ati Daoxi (60g/L cyhalofop + penoxsulam), eyiti o ti di olokiki ni ọja Kannada, munadoko pupọ ati ailewu.O wa lagbedemeji ọja atijo ti iresi aaye herbicides ni orilẹ-ede mi.
Cyhalofop-ethyl, ti o jọra si awọn herbicides aryloxyphenoxycarboxylic acid miiran, jẹ inhibitor synthesis fatty acid ati ṣe idiwọ acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase).Ni akọkọ gba nipasẹ awọn leaves ati pe ko ni iṣẹ ṣiṣe ile.Cyhalofop-ethyl jẹ eto eto ati pe o gba ni iyara nipasẹ awọn ohun elo ọgbin.Lẹhin itọju kẹmika, awọn koriko koriko da dagba lẹsẹkẹsẹ, ofeefeeing waye laarin awọn ọjọ 2 si 7, ati pe gbogbo ọgbin naa di necrotic ati pe o ku laarin ọsẹ meji si mẹta.
Cyhalofop ti wa ni lilo lẹhin-emergent lati ṣakoso awọn èpo gramineous ni awọn aaye iresi.Iwọn lilo fun iresi otutu jẹ 75-100g/hm2, ati iwọn lilo fun iresi tutu jẹ 180-310g/hm2.O munadoko pupọ si Echinacea, Stephanotis, Amaranthus aestivum, koriko iyangbo kekere, Crabgrass, Setaria, brangrass, jero-ewe-ọkan, Pennisetum, Zea mays, Goosegrass, ati bẹbẹ lọ.
Mu lilo 15% cyhalofop-ethyl EC gẹgẹbi apẹẹrẹ.Ni ipele ewe 1.5-2.5 ti barnyardgrass ni awọn aaye irugbin iresi ati ipele ewe 2-3 ti stephanotis ni awọn aaye iresi ti o taara, awọn eso ati awọn ewe ti wa ni sprayed ati fun sokiri ni deede pẹlu owusu to dara.Sisan omi šaaju lilo ipakokoropaeku ki diẹ sii ju 2/3 ti awọn igi igbo ati awọn ewe ti farahan si omi.Borin laarin awọn wakati 24 si awọn wakati 72 lẹhin ohun elo ipakokoropaeku, ati ṣetọju ipele omi 3-5 cm fun awọn ọjọ 5-7.Maṣe lo diẹ sii ju ẹẹkan lọ fun akoko dida iresi.Sibẹsibẹ, o yẹ ki o ṣe akiyesi pe oogun yii jẹ majele pupọ si awọn arthropods omi, nitorina yago fun ṣiṣan sinu awọn aaye aquaculture.Nigbati a ba dapọ pẹlu diẹ ninu awọn herbicides broadleaf, o le ṣe afihan awọn ipa atako, ti o fa idinku ninu ipa ti cyhalofop.
Awọn fọọmu iwọn lilo akọkọ rẹ jẹ: cyhalofop-methyl emulsifiable ifọkansi (10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 100g/L), cyhalofop-methyl wettable lulú (20%), cyhalofop-methyl aqueous emulsion (10%, 15% , 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%), cyhalofop microemulsion (10%, 15%, 250g/L), cyhalofop epo idadoro (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%), cyhalofop-ethyl epo dispersible idadoro (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%);Awọn aṣoju agbopọ pẹlu oxafop-propyl ati penoxsufen Compound of amine, pyrazosulfuron-methyl, bispyrfen, ati bẹbẹ lọ.
Akoko ifiweranṣẹ: Jan-24-2024